What Can I Use To Start A Fire Pit?

A fire pit is a permanent or portable structure designed to contain and control outdoor wood fires. Fire pits have grown in popularity in recent years as more people want to extend the enjoyment of being outdoors into the evening hours by sitting near a cozy fire.

Fire pits provide warmth, ambiance, and a gathering place for friends and family. They can be used throughout most of the year, though they are especially popular in fall and winter months when the temperature drops at night. Having a designated fire pit allows home owners to have outdoor fires safely.

Before starting to build or buy a fire pit, it’s important to consider the location, size, shape, materials, and features you want for your needs. Fire pits come in many styles from simple ring structures to elaborate patio furniture centerpieces. This article provides an overview of how to start a fire pit by covering key considerations in choosing, designing, building, and using a fire pit.

Location

When choosing a location for your fire pit, there are some important factors to consider. Most municipalities and homeowners associations have regulations regarding fire pits, so be sure to check your local codes.

Ideally, a fire pit should be at least 10-25 feet away from any structures or flammable materials like your home, trees, sheds, fences, etc. according to experts (Mercury Insurance). Local zoning laws may require an even greater distance of up to 100 feet in some areas.

It’s also recommended to place fire pits at least 10 feet away from property lines out of courtesy for neighbors. Overhead clearance is another consideration if you have trees or powerlines above where you plan to put your fire pit.

Additionally, take wind patterns into account so smoke does not blow toward your house. Face your fire pit away from your home if possible. Also avoid putting a fire pit too close to gardens, play areas, or flammable materials.

When in doubt, check with your local zoning department and fire marshal for the specific fire pit regulations in your municipality before installing one in your backyard.

Materials

There are several common materials used to construct fire pits. The material selected will impact durability, aesthetics, cost, and ease of installation.

Bricks

Bricks are one of the most commonly used materials for DIY fire pit construction as they can withstand high heat and are relatively inexpensive. Fire bricks are specially designed for fire pits with their refractory properties. Using standard bricks covered with a heat-resistant mortar is another option, but may be less durable over time.[1]

Stones

Natural stones like granite, marble or limestone can create an elegant look, but tend to be more expensive. Fieldstone and river rock are affordable options. Stones should be heat-resistant and placed on a gravel base with fireproof mortar or adhesive. Cracks may form over time from the heat.[2]

Metal

Steel and cast iron are very durable materials resistant to high temperatures. Prefabricated metal fire pits allow for quick installation. stainless steel is rust-resistant but more expensive. Metals like copper or titanium can add colorful accents.

Concrete

Poured concrete reinforced with rebar makes a sturdy base. Concrete must be rated for fire use. Prefabricated concrete fire pits are widely available. The material retains heat well but can crack over time when exposed to heat.

Shape and Size

Fire pits come in a variety of shapes and sizes to fit different needs. Some common shapes include round, square, rectangular, and custom designs. The most popular shape is round, which allows even seating around the entire pit.

Some typical sizes for round fire pits are:

• 3-4 feet wide for smaller, intimate gatherings
• 5-6 feet wide for larger groups and entertaining
• Custom extra large sizes up to 10 feet wide or more

Square fire pits often range from 4-6 feet per side. Rectangular pits can be 4×6 feet up to 4×10 feet or larger. The shape and dimensions depend on factors like the amount of space available, number of people, and desired functionality.

In general, larger fire pits that are 5-6 feet wide/long can accommodate 6-10 people sitting around them comfortably. Smaller 3-4 feet pits are good for 2-4 people. Allow about 3 feet of clearance around the edges of the fire pit as a safety zone.

Fire pit height above ground level is also a consideration. Sunken or partially sunken fire pits require more installation work but produce less smoke and provide more stability. Above ground fire pits are easier to install but may need more ventilation. Standard fire pit heights are 12-20 inches above ground.

When determining the ideal size and shape, consider the goals for the space and gather input from a professional installer. This ensures the fire pit dimensions match both aesthetics and functionality for the location.

Building the Fire Pit

Constructing a DIY fire pit is a fairly straightforward process if you follow these step-by-step instructions.

First, mark the location where you want to build the fire pit. Make sure it’s at least 10 feet away from any structure or vegetation for safety. Use a shovel or garden hoe to outline the circular shape you want for your pit.

Next, remove the grass and dig down 4-6 inches within the circle to create a shallow pit. Use the displaced soil to build up a perimeter around the edges to retain the pit.

Then, line the inside bottom of the pit with sand or pea gravel to provide drainage underneath. This will prevent the pit from becoming a mud hole when it rains.

After that, lay your fire brick, concrete pavers, or other non-combustible retaining wall material in a circle inside the pit. Stack each piece firmly against the one next to it. Leave an opening on one side for accessing the fire.

Finally, construct a ring of larger stones around the outer perimeter to give the pit a finished look. Make sure the retention wall is high enough to contain the fire safely.

Refer to this guide for more details on constructing a custom fire pit step-by-step.

Fuel

The most common fuels used in fire pits are wood, charcoal, propane and natural gas. Each type has its own advantages and considerations.

Wood is a traditional and popular choice. It creates a nostalgic campfire ambiance and aroma. Hardwoods like oak, maple and hickory burn well and create less smoke. Softwoods like pine generate more sparks (Source). Burn only clean, dry, seasoned wood. Do not burn trash or debris which can create toxic smoke.

Charcoal emits less smoke and requires less ventilation than wood. However, it burns faster and needs to be replenished more often (Source). Use standard charcoal briquettes or lump charcoal. Avoid lighter fluid which can leave a chemical odor.

Propane and natural gas fire pits provide convenience, control and efficiency. The flame can be adjusted with a valve or dial. There is no smoke, sparks or cleanup. Gas fire pits do require proper ventilation and should only be used outdoors (Source).

Safety should be a priority when selecting any fire pit fuel. Never use gasoline, kerosene or other flammable liquids. Position the fire pit on a non-flammable surface away from structures, overhangs and foliage. Keep a fire extinguisher nearby and supervise the fire at all times.

Ignition

There are a few common methods for safely igniting a fire in a fire pit:

Matches are a straightforward option for lighting a fire. Make sure they are long fireplace matches or wooden matches. Hold the match to the tinder and gently blow on it to help the flame spread across the tinder [1].

A lighter is another easy tool for igniting a fire pit. Long handled lighters make it safer to reach the tinder while lighting. Open the lighter and hold the flame against the tinder, again blowing gently if needed [2].

Flint and steel is a more primitive but reliable way to generate sparks for your fire. Strike the steel against the flint over your tinder bundle until sparks catch and ignite it.

Propane torches attach to propane tanks and provide a controllable flame for lighting fire pits. Be cautious handling these and keep the tank upright and a safe distance from the pit.

Tinder helps ignite your fire pit smoothly. Dry materials like pine needles, wood shavings, dryer lint, or wax-coated cardboard catch a flame readily when exposed to an ignition source.

Safety

Fire safety is crucial when using a fire pit. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), there were over 15,500 injuries and $134 million in property damage from fire pit accidents in 2018 alone (NFPA). Follow these tips to prevent injuries and property damage:

Supervise the fire pit at all times, especially when children are present. Do not leave the fire unattended. Designate one adult to be in charge of watching the fire until it is completely extinguished (Bob Vila).

Always have a fire extinguisher, bucket of water, sand, or garden hose nearby to quickly extinguish the fire if needed (HGTV). Avoid wearing flammable clothing around the fire.

Prevent sparks from spreading outside the pit by choosing a fire pit with mesh screens or guards. Clear away dry leaves, sticks, and other debris within a 3-foot radius (NFPA).

Maintenance

Properly maintaining your fire pit is crucial for safety and longevity. Regular cleaning and inspection are key maintenance tasks.

It’s recommended to clean cooking surfaces after each use to prevent grease and food buildup, according to HGTV. Use hot, soapy water and a soft cloth to scrub the interior. Thoroughly rinse away soap and let the pit dry completely before relighting, as noted by The Home Depot. For wood-burning fire pits, remove ash regularly to promote proper airflow.

Inspect the pit periodically for cracks, rust, or other damage, recommends Outdoor Marketplace. Make any needed repairs promptly to prevent further deterioration. Check that ventilation holes are not blocked. Replace worn or damaged parts like cooking grates or log racks. Keep exterior surfaces clean by removing soot or discoloration.

Conclusion

Starting a fire pit can be a fun and rewarding project with the right materials and planning. The key steps are choosing an ideal location, selecting durable materials like bricks or stones, building a pit to your desired shape and size, using quality fuel like seasoned firewood, and igniting the fire safely. For best results, maintain the pit by removing ashes and making repairs when needed.

In summary, by selecting a safe spot away from trees and structures, gathering non-flammable materials, constructing a sturdy pit, using dry hardwoods and kindling, and lighting with care, you can create a cozy and enjoyable fire pit for gatherings. Follow safety precautions like having a fire extinguisher nearby and supervising the fire. A well-built and properly tended fire pit will provide warmth, ambiance, and memories for years to come.