Is Citronella Oil Safe To Breathe?
What is Citronella Oil?
Citronella oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves and stems of the citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus). The oil has a strong, crisp, citrusy aroma. The name “citronella” comes from the French word citronelle, meaning “lemon balm”.
Citronella has been used for over 50 years as an insect repellent. Historically, citronella oil was first used in Sri Lanka, where it was distilled from a local grass to repel insects. It was introduced to Europe and the United States in the late 1880s and began being used in candles and soaps as an insect repellent
(Source).
Today, citronella oil is still commonly used as an ingredient in insect repellents, perfumes, soaps, and candles. It’s also used in aromatherapy for its calming and uplifting aromatic properties. Some people also use citronella oil as a natural cleaning product and air freshener. The main production areas for citronella oil are China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Guatemala.
Chemical Composition
The main chemical constituents of citronella oil are citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. These give the oil its distinctive lemony scent and insect repellent properties.[1]
Citronellal makes up 32-45% of the oil and is responsible for the strong citrus aroma. Geraniol accounts for 11-23% of the oil and has a pleasant rose-like odor. Citronellol constitutes 11-15% of the oil and also contributes a rose-like scent.[1]
While the key components of citronella oil are considered relatively non-toxic, the oil does contain some minor hazardous constituents including limonene and methyleugenol. Limonene comprises 0.5-1.5% of the oil and can be an irritant for some people. Methyleugenol makes up a very small percentage (0.01-0.04%) but is potentially carcinogenic in large doses.[2]
Overall the non-hazardous citronellal, geraniol and citronellol make up the majority of citronella oil. But care should be taken to avoid overexposure to the minor hazardous constituents present.
[1] https://nootropicsplanet.com/citronella-oil/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22366449/
Is Citronella Oil Safe?
When used topically and properly diluted, citronella oil is generally considered safe. However, there are some concerns regarding the safety of inhaling citronella oil. According to WebMD, citronella oil is likely unsafe when inhaled, and lung damage has been reported (1).
A 2015 research study published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information examined the effects of inhaling two key components of citronella oil, citronellal and citronellol (2). The researchers found that inhaling high doses of these chemicals decreased appetite and weight gain in rats. However, the rats also experienced side effects like hypothermia and abnormalities in clinical blood parameters. The researchers concluded that inhaling citronella oil may have toxic effects on the lungs, liver, and white blood cells. More research is still needed to fully understand the inhalation risks in humans.
Overall, there is not enough evidence to conclusively state that inhaling citronella oil is completely safe, especially in high doses or long-term usage. Concerns have been raised over potential lung damage and other side effects. It’s best to exercise caution and consult a doctor before inhaling citronella oil.
(1) https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-627/citronella-oil
(2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377886/
Using Citronella Oil
Citronella oil can be used topically as an insect repellent. It is commonly used in sprays, lotions, and candles to help repel mosquitoes and other bugs. When using citronella oil topically, it’s important to follow proper usage guidelines:
Dilute citronella oil before applying it directly to skin. Mix 3-5 drops of citronella essential oil with 1 tablespoon of a carrier oil like coconut or jojoba oil before applying. Do not apply undiluted citronella oil directly to skin as it can cause irritation (source: https://www.healthline.com/health/citronella-oil).
Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Citronella oil can cause irritation if it gets into eyes. Carefully apply diluted citronella oil only to skin and avoid contact with eyes, nose, and mouth.
Do not inhale or ingest citronella oil. Citronella oil is for topical use only and should not be inhaled or swallowed. Inhaling the fumes can potentially cause headaches, breathing issues, and other side effects in some individuals.
Recommended dosage when diluted is 1-2 drops applied to skin every 2-4 hours. Reapplication is often needed to maintain insect repellency. Do not exceed 10 drops per day (source: https://draxe.com/essential-oils/citronella-oil/).
Overexposure to citronella oil can potentially cause skin irritation and inflammation. Limit exposure by following proper dilution guidelines and not exceeding recommended dosages. Stop using if rash or irritation occurs.
As an Insect Repellent
Citronella oil is commonly used as a natural insect repellent, especially against mosquitoes. Studies have found citronella oil to be effective at repelling mosquitoes, with one study showing it provided complete protection from bites for 1.5-2 hours when applied topically (1).
The EPA has approved citronella oil as an insect repellent, deeming it safe when used according to label directions (2). Registered citronella oil repellent products contain between 5-15% oil.
Citronella oil is considered to be less effective than higher concentrations of DEET, providing about half the protection time. However, it can be reapplied frequently and is a good option for those looking to avoid DEET (3).
To use citronella oil as a repellent, dilute it and apply topically to exposed skin. Oils or lotions work better than sprays. Reapplication every 1-2 hours is recommended for continued effectiveness (4).
(1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5194734/
(2) https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/citronella-oil-registration
(3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059459/
(4) https://www.organixmantra.in/5-ways-use-citronella-oil-insect-repellent/
Aromatherapy Uses
Citronella essential oil has long been used in aromatherapy for its fresh, cleansing aroma. When diffused, citronella oil can help uplift mood, reduce stress, and purify the air. Some of the main aromatherapy benefits of citronella oil include:
- Natural insect repellent – The strong scent helps deter insects like mosquitoes
- Stress relief – Has a refreshing, calming effect on the mind
- Mood enhancement – Can help boost mood and energy levels
- Air purifying – Eliminates nasty odors and airborne bacteria
When using citronella oil in an aromatherapy diffuser, follow these tips for safe use:
- Use a cold air or ultrasonic diffuser – Avoid heat diffusers
- Diffuse in a well-ventilated area – Don’t oversaturate the air
- Use for short periods – 15-30 minutes at a time
- Mix with a carrier oil – Don’t use undiluted on the skin
Overall, breathing low concentrations from a diffuser should be safe. But as with any essential oil, it’s best not to overdo it. Be sure to take breaks between diffusing sessions.
Side Effects
Citronella oil is generally considered safe for topical use when diluted properly. However, some potential side effects have been documented:
Skin Irritation: Citronella oil may cause skin irritation, redness or rash in people with sensitive skin, especially when used undiluted. It’s best to do a patch test before wider application (1).
Allergic Reactions: Citronella oil contains chemicals like geraniol, citronellol and citronellal which may trigger allergic reactions in some people. Symptoms may include hives, itching, swelling or breathing difficulties (2).
Ingestion: Consuming citronella oil is unsafe and can cause digestive upset, vomiting or damage the liver/kidneys. Keep it away from children (3).
The following groups should use caution with citronella oil:
- Pregnant or nursing women
- Children under age 5
- People with liver or kidney damage
- Individuals with skin sensitivities or allergies
It’s best to consult a doctor before using citronella oil if you have any pre-existing health conditions (4). Always follow usage guidelines and dilute properly with a carrier oil like coconut or jojoba oil.
(1) https://draxe.com/essential-oils/citronella-oil/
(2) https://www.anveya.com/blogs/top-tips/citronella-oil-side-effects-and-safety-tips
First Aid
In case of overexposure to citronella oil, the first step is to remove yourself from the source of exposure and get fresh air immediately. Breathe deeply and continue to rest in a well-ventilated area.
If you have respiratory distress, dizziness, or vomiting from inhaling too much citronella oil, seek medical help right away. Call emergency services or have someone drive you to the nearest hospital’s emergency room.
Be prepared to tell medical professionals your symptoms, what type of oil you were exposed to, and how much/how long the exposure was. This will help them determine the appropriate treatment. They may administer oxygen therapy if you are having trouble breathing or give medications to stop vomiting.
In severe cases of overexposure leading to unconsciousness, seizures, or extremely low blood pressure, emergency medical treatment is critical. Medical professionals have access to additional therapies like intravenous fluids and anti-seizure medications that can counteract the toxic effects.
Most cases of citronella oil inhalation toxicity resolve fully with prompt emergency treatment. However, it’s crucial to get medical help right away if you experience concerning symptoms after breathing in too much citronella oil.
Environmental Considerations
Citronella oil is generally considered an eco-friendly product. It is derived from natural plant sources and biodegrades readily in the environment without causing pollution.
According to Globenewswire, citronella oil has a favorable environmental impact compared to synthetic insect repellents. As consumer demand grows for natural products, citronella oil is being positioned as a green alternative.
Proper disposal of citronella oil is important to minimize environmental impacts. Small amounts can be safely poured down the drain followed by plenty of water. Larger quantities should be absorbed and wrapped with newspaper before putting in the regular trash. Never pour undiluted citronella oil directly into the ground or a waterway.
Overall, citronella oil is considered one of the more eco-friendly essential oils, especially compared to synthetic options. Responsible usage and disposal makes it a reasonably safe choice for the environment.
Conclusion
Overall, citronella oil is considered relatively safe to breathe and use topically in small amounts. However, it does have potential side effects, and care should be taken. Key takeaways:
-Citronella oil is distilled from citronella grass and contains compounds like citronellal, geraniol, and others. It’s commonly used in insect repellents.
-Breathing small amounts is unlikely to cause harm in most people. Large amounts may cause throat and nose irritation in some. It’s best to avoid prolonged inhalation.
-Citronella oil is generally safe for topical use when diluted. Undiluted use risks skin irritation and sensitization. Always do a patch test first.
-If any stinging, redness, rash, or breathing issues occur, discontinue use and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
-Citronella oil does not appear to pose major environmental hazards, but care should be taken with disposal and usage near waterways.
In conclusion, citronella oil seems relatively safe if used carefully, but caution is warranted, especially with overuse or misuse. Moderation and monitoring for adverse effects is advisable when using citronella oil.
